Comparison Between Fractionated and Single Bolus Dose of Local Anaesthetic (Bupivacaine 0.5% Heavy) in Elective Lower Segment Caeserean Section

Context :  Fractionated dose of local anaesthetic in spinal anaesthesia has been compared with single bolus dose in terms of hemodynamic stability. Aims: Comparison of fractionated dose versus  single bolus dose injection of local anaesthetic  in spinal anaesthesia for patients undergoing elective   caesarean section. Go to:Settings and Design: This prospective comparative study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in central India. Methods and material: 200 healthy female parturients who were scheduled for elective caesarean section were allocated randomly into two groups- one that received fractionated dose and another that received single bolus dose of bupivacaine heavy (0.5%). With patient in sitting position subarachnoid block was established using dose according to height of the patient(0.07mg/cm height of patient). The single bolus group B recieved bupivacaine in single bolus over 10s. In Fractionated dose group F, patients recieved 2/3rd of the total calculated dose given initially followed by 1/3rd dose after 90s,both at a rate 0.2ml/s. After injection of initial 2/3rd dose, the syringe was kept attached to the spinal needle for the remaining 90s, after which remaining one third dose was administered. Data assessed were the number of hypotensive episodes and number of times vasopressors had to be given. Statistical Analysis: The data was collected using Microsoft excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SSPS ver. 21). Results: There was statistically significant difference between the hemodynamic stability for the two groups.Conclusion:  Fractionated dose of local anaesthetic was found to be hemodynamically more stable than single bolus dose.  Keywords: hypotension,singlebolusdose,fractionated dose, hemodynamic stability

Robot navigation and target capturing using nature-inspired approaches in a dynamic environment

Path Planning and target searching in a three-dimensional environment is a challenging task in the field of robotics. It is an optimization problem as the path from source to destination has to be optimal. This paper aims to generate a collision-free trajectory in a dynamic environment. The path planning problem has sought to be of extreme importance in the military, search and rescue missions and in life-saving tasks. During its operation, the unmanned air vehicle operates in a hostile environment, and faster replanning is needed to reach the target as optimally as possible. This paper presents a novel approach of hierarchical planning using multiresolution abstract levels for faster replanning. Economic constraints like path length, total path planning time and the number of turns are taken into consideration that mandate the use of cost functions. Experimental results show that the hierarchical version of GSO gives better performance compared to the BBO, IWO and their hierarchical versions.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Use of Modular Neural Network for Heart Disease

The medical field is very versatile field and one of the interested research areas for the scientist. It deals with many medical disease problems starting with the diagnosis of the disease, preventing from the disease and treatment for the disease. There are various types of medical disease and accordingly various types of treatment methods. In this paper we mostly concern about the diagnosis of the heart disease. Mainly two types of the diagnosis method are used one is manual and other is automatic diagnosis which consists of diagnosis of disease with the help of intelligent expert system. In this paper the modular neural network is used to diagnosis the heart disease. The attributes are divided and given to the two neural network models Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) for training and testing. The two integration techniques are used two integrate the results and provide the final training accuracy and testing accuracy. The modular neural network with probabilistic product method gave an accuracy of 87.02% over training data and 85.88% over testing accuracy and with probabilistic product method gave an accuracy of 89.72% over training data and 84.70% over testing accuracy, which was experimentally determined to be better than monolithic neural networks

DYNAMIC GENERATION OF AN ONTOLOGY-BASED AI SCHEMA FOR CHATBOTS

Strategic investments in Artificial Intelligence may enable companies to gain business advantages. There are challenges in using generic natural language processing (NLP) capabilities with complex products and with content that requires specialized domain-specific terminologies. Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA)-generated AI schema can leverage enterprise source code to train bots or any other conversational systems to improve the accuracy levels without any manual intervention. A well-defined AI schema is generated from the DITA source files that contain an ontology framework of Intents, Entities, Dialog nodes, along with child nodes, as a result. The schema can be depicted as a JSON file

Assessment of groundwater quality status by using water quality index (WQI) and geographic information system (GIS) approaches: a case study of the Bokaro district, India

Abstract One hundred two groundwater samples were collected from the Bokaro district of Jharkhand state, India, during the pre-and post-monsoon seasons of the year 2014–2015. In the present study, groundwater samples were analysed for pH, TDS, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO4 2−, HCO3 −, F− and NO3 − to evaluate the suitability of the groundwater for drinking purposes through geographic information system (GIS)-based water quality index (WQI) model. For quality assessment, values of analysed parameters of the groundwater samples were compared with the Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO) water quality standards. The analytical results indicate slightly acidic to slightly alkaline nature of the groundwater in the study area. Concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3 −, F−, NO3 −, TDS and TH exceeded the desirable as well as permissible limits of drinking water quality standards recommended by the BIS (Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification, 2012) and WHO (Guidelines for drinking water quality: training pack, WHO, Geneva, 2004) in the study area during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. However, Na+, K+, Cl− and SO4 2− concentrations were within the permissible limits during both seasons. The hydrochemical analysis of the studied groundwater samples documented with ternary and Durov diagram revealed that most of the groundwater samples belong to HCO3 − type of anions facies and no dominant type of cation facies. The GIS-based WQI maps for the study area indicate that the poor quality of water was found the maximum in the pre-monsoon season as compared to the post-monsoon season in the study area, respectively. The high values of WQI in the several groundwater samples of the Bokaro district indicate that water is not suitable for direct consumptions and it required sustainable treatment before its utilization for drinking uses